Ahsani Taqwim and Asfala Safilin: A Biological and Moral Perspective of Humanity in Q.S. At-Tin [95]: 4–5

Ahsani Taqwim Dan Asfala Safilin Perspektif Biologis Dan Moral Manusia Dalam Qs. At-Tin [95]: 4-5

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the concepts of ahsani taqwīm and asfala sāfilīn in Surah At-Tin verses 4–5 and their relevance to human behavior from biological and moral perspectives in the modern era. This research employs a qualitative method with a library research approach, using an interdisciplinary framework that integrates Qur’anic exegesis with biological and moral studies. The primary data sources consist of Qur’anic verses and classical and contemporary tafsir works, supported by scientific literature related to human biology and moral behavior. The findings indicate that the concept of ahsani taqwīm represents the perfection of human creation, encompassing physical, intellectual, and spiritual dimensions. Meanwhile, asfala sāfilīn reflects the potential for human degradation, both biologically and morally, when individuals fail to manage these potentials in a balanced manner. From a biological perspective, humans possess complex bodily systems and mechanisms that support social and moral behavior. However, biological factors such as hormones and instincts may also drive negative behavior if not properly controlled. In the moral context, humans have the freedom to choose between good and evil. The relevance of these two concepts in the modern era is evident in technological advancements as a manifestation of ahsani taqwīm, alongside the emergence of moral crises as a form of asfala sāfilīn. Therefore, maintaining a balance between biological, intellectual, and spiritual aspects is essential for humans to preserve their noble status in accordance with the purpose of their creation.